Five-day periods were used as a time unit. Sand Martins spend the winter months in the Sahel, on the southern edge of the Sahara, and are one of the first of our summer migrants to make the northward crossing of the desert in the spring, and consequently one of the first to arrive back here.The numbers that arrive here to breed each year are a good indicator of the winter conditions in the Sahel. In Borneo, the annual arrival of the brown shrike is so consistent that farmers used to rely on it to know when to plant their crops.

This includes a variety of open and edge habitats in eastern Russia, Mongolia, Japan, and eastern China.
Thanks Paul! I have posted in this in the past and now revisiting the area. 7. It was sitting low in a sallow bush and was distant and I didn't see it for long – in fact that was the only view I had of it, but I considered myself very lucky as anyone else arriving after 4.30pm dipped.

Found from Siberia, Northeast China, Northern Japan to Korea, wintering to the Indian Subcontinent, Southern China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.
Paul J. had the shrike in his scope, which was positioned lower and I asked if I could look, which he said 'yes' to and I was lucky enough to see my first Brown Shrike! Other supporting features in favour of Brown are the general tone of the bird and the lack of obvious grey nape.

Red-brown upper back, dark grey wings with red-brown shoulder. Red-backed Shrike: Small, a bit larger than a sparrow with stubby, dark grey and black, hooked bill. The Brown Shrike has a large breeding range of 8,280,000 square kilometers. The arrival of Brown Shrikes at the study area from 27 August 1989 to 3 May 1990.

Migration of Brown Shrike Brown Shrike is a migratory species and ringing studies show that they have high fidelity to their wintering sites, often returning to the same locations each winter. Moult recorded in four Brown Shrikes taken in October‐November is interpreted as the completion of a post‐nuptial moult, commenced on the breeding grounds before autumn migration. I will focus on the adult male plumage, especially head and mantel, and attempt to show some examples. This leaves isabellinus (Daurian Shrike) or phoenicuroides (Turkestan Shrike). Adults have a brown crown and nape, plain brown back and a white stripe over the eye. In a Swedish article in Roadrunner in 2003, Lars Svensson wrote: "The skin collection in Almaty shows that there is a continuous gradation from karelini to isabellinus, thus not supporting splitting of phoenicuroides and isabellinus into separate species. The brown shrike is larger with a longer tail and thinner bill. The greatest concentrations of Brown Shrike, of all three or four subspecies, are therefore of migrants on offshore islands from late April to early June and again, in rather smaller numbers, in August and September, with occasional individuals into October. The Brown Shrike has only been seen briefly a couple of times over the three days since its initial discovery (Michael John O' Mahony).

It winters in similar open and edge habitats in eastern and southern Asia, and has occurred as a vagrant to western North America.


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